雷電沖擊發生器成套試驗裝置主要用(yong)于(yu)電力設備(bei)等試(shi)品(pin)進(jin)行雷電沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電壓全波(bo)、雷電沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電壓截波(bo)和操作(zuo)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電壓波(bo)的沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)電壓試(shi)驗，檢(jian)驗絕緣性能。

100～10000kV系列各種容量成套沖擊(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)（電流(liu)）試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。并可提供多種波形系列成套沖擊(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)（電流(liu)）發(fa)生器。沖擊(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)主(zhu)要由：發(fa)生器本體(ti)、截波、分壓(ya)器、四(si)組(zu)件控制(zhi)臺（控制(zhi)臺分為微機型和普通型）、數字化(hua)波形記(ji)錄系統等組(zu)成。

雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)沖(chong)擊發生(sheng)器通(tong)常(chang)都采用Marx回路，如圖1所示。圖中(zhong)(zhong)C為級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong),它(ta)(ta)們由充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R 并聯起來(lai)(lai),通(tong)過整流回路T-D-r充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)V。此(ci)時,因保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r 一般比R 約大10倍(bei),它(ta)(ta)不僅(jin)保護了整流設(she)備,而(er)且還能保證各級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)比較均(jun)勻(yun)。在(zai)第1級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)g0為點(dian)火球隙(xi)，由點(dian)火脈(mo)沖(chong)起動(dong)；其他(ta)各級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)g為中(zhong)(zhong)間球隙(xi),它(ta)(ta)們調整在(zai)g0起動(dong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)逐個動(dong)作(zuo)。這些(xie)球隙(xi)在(zai)回路中(zhong)(zhong)起控制開(kai)關的(de)(de)作(zuo)用,當它(ta)(ta)們都動(dong)作(zuo)后(hou)(hou)(hou),所有級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C 就通(tong)過各級(ji)的(de)(de)波頭電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)Rf串聯起來(lai)(lai),并向(xiang)負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C0充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)時,串聯后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)為C/n，總電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為nV。n為發生(sheng)器回路的(de)(de)級(ji)數。由于C0較小(xiao)，很快(kuai)就充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian),隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)它(ta)(ta)將與級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C一起通(tong)過各級(ji)的(de)(de)波尾電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)Rt放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這樣，在(zai)負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C0上(shang)就形(xing)成一很高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)短(duan)暫(zan)脈(mo)沖(chong)波形(xing)的(de)(de)沖(chong)擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。在(zai)此(ci)短(duan)暫(zan)的(de)(de)期間內,因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R 遠大于Rf和Rt,因

雷電沖擊發生(sheng)(sheng)器而它們起(qi)著各級之間隔離電阻的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。沖擊電壓發生(sheng)(sheng)器利(li)用(yong)(yong)多級電容(rong)器并聯充電、串聯放(fang)電來產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)所需的電壓，其波形可由改變(bian)Rf和Rt的阻值(zhi)進(jin)行調整, 幅值(zhi)由充電電壓V 來調節，極性可通過倒換硅堆D兩(liang)極來改變(bian)。