沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓發生(sheng)器(qi)通(tong)常都采(cai)用Marx回(hui)路，如圖1所示。圖中(zhong)C為(wei)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong),它(ta)(ta)們(men)由充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R 并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)起(qi)來(lai),通(tong)過(guo)整流回(hui)路T-D-r充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)V。此(ci)時(shi)(shi),因(yin)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)r 一(yi)(yi)般比(bi)R 約大(da)10倍,它(ta)(ta)不僅保(bao)護了整流設備,而且還能保(bao)證(zheng)各(ge)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)較(jiao)均勻。在(zai)第1級中(zhong)g0為(wei)點(dian)火(huo)球隙(xi)(xi)，由點(dian)火(huo)脈沖(chong)(chong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong);其(qi)他各(ge)級中(zhong)g為(wei)中(zhong)間球隙(xi)(xi),它(ta)(ta)們(men)調整在(zai)g0起(qi)動(dong)(dong)后(hou)(hou)逐個動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)。這些球隙(xi)(xi)在(zai)回(hui)路中(zhong)起(qi)控(kong)制開關的(de)作(zuo)用,當它(ta)(ta)們(men)都動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)后(hou)(hou),所有(you)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)C 就(jiu)通(tong)過(guo)各(ge)級的(de)波頭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)Rf串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)起(qi)來(lai),并(bing)向負(fu)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)C0充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi),串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)后(hou)(hou)的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)為(wei)C/n，總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)nV。n為(wei)發生(sheng)器(qi)回(hui)路的(de)級數。由于C0較(jiao)小，很(hen)快就(jiu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),隨后(hou)(hou)它(ta)(ta)將與級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)C一(yi)(yi)起(qi)通(tong)過(guo)各(ge)級的(de)波尾(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)Rt放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這樣，在(zai)負(fu)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)C0上就(jiu)形成一(yi)(yi)很(hen)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)短暫脈沖(chong)(chong)波形的(de)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。在(zai)此(ci)短暫的(de)期間內(nei),因(yin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R 遠大(da)于Rf和Rt,因(yin)而它們起著各級之間隔離電(dian)阻的(de)作用。沖擊電(dian)壓發生(sheng)器利用多級電(dian)容器并聯(lian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)、串聯(lian)放電(dian)來產生(sheng)所(suo)需的(de)電(dian)壓，其波形可(ke)由改變Rf和Rt的(de)阻值進行(xing)調(diao)整, 幅(fu)值由充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓V 來調(diao)節，極性可(ke)通過(guo)倒換硅堆D兩極來改變。

沖擊電壓發生器特點

1、回路電感小，并(bing)采取帶阻濾波(bo)措施，在大電容量負載下能(neng)產生標準沖擊波(bo)，負載能(neng)力大;

2、電壓利(li)用系數高，雷電波和操作(zuo)波分別不(bu)低于85%和80%;

3、調波方便，操作簡單(dan)，同步性能(neng)好，動作可靠;

4、采用恒流充電(dian)自動控制技術，自動化程度高，抗(kang)干(gan)擾能力強;

一種模仿雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)操作過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等沖擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源裝置(zhi)。主要用(yong)于絕緣沖擊(ji)(ji)耐壓及(ji)介(jie)質沖擊(ji)(ji)擊(ji)(ji)穿、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)等試驗中。

絕緣試(shi)驗用沖擊電壓的標(biao)準(zhun)波形按照《高電壓試(shi)驗技術(shu)》標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)國家標(biao)準(zhun)規定:

雷電(dian)沖擊波 T1/T2=1.2/50μs

操作(zuo)沖擊波 Tcr/T2=250/2500μs